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List of Technical Papers The following papers were written by DSD staff in relation to their work. Some of them were co-authored with our partner consultants, contractors, institutions or organizations. To read the full papers, please contact the relevant publishers or the conference organisers as listed.
(Click the paper title to see more details) 2011  Developing a Mangrove Management Strategy in the Estuaries of Deep Bay, Shan Pui River and Tin Shui Wai Drainage Channel
This Paper presents (1) the analysis of mangrove conditions in Deep Bay for the projection of the future extent of mangrove areas in 2030; (2) the way to assess the hydraulic impacts arising from mangrove vegetation based on survey data and advanced modelling tools; and (3) the formulation of various mangrove management options in flood risk control. The Paper also illustrate the vegetation roughness of both undergrowth and mature mangrove and how the mangrove properties such as density, stem diameter and height of trees are correlated to vegetation roughness. Particular attention will be paid to the selection of a low-effort approach to mangrove management to strike the balance between flood control and environmental considerations. | (DSD author) : P.K. Chan
(Co-author): S.H. Ching and Dr. P.L.A. Erftemeijer
CIWEM HK Water Conference 2011 (11-12 May 2011)
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Acknowledgement is made to CIWEM HK for permission to upload the paper to DSD website |
3+1 Approach for Greening Works at Sha Tin Sewage Treatment Works This paper presents the “3+1 Approach for Greening Works at Sha Tin Sewage Treatment Works”. The “3+1 Approach” refers to three greening elements, namely at-grade planting, vertical greening and green roofs, together with one initiative on use of reclaimed water for irrigation of plants. | (DSD Author) : Ir WOON Leung-him
(DSD Co-authors) : Ir LAI Cheuk-ho, Miss AU YEUNG Sin-man
The "Civil Engineering Paper of the Year Award 2011" - Civil Division of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers (4 November 2011).
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2010 Integrated Planning and Design of a Flood Relief Project for Sheung Wan Low-Lying Area This paper presents the background and planning of this urgent and crucial flood relief project in a well-developed and busy commercial and finanical area in Sheung Wan and how the engineering project team developed such innovative, sustainable and integrated engineering solution for the society. | (DSD author) : CHAN Kin-kwong, TAM Kit-fan and LEUNG Yuen-hei
The HKIE Civil Division Conference 2010 - Infrastructure Solutions for Tomorrow (12-14 April 2010)
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Acknowledgement is made to HKIE for permission to upload the paper to DSD website
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Challenges and Harmony with Sustainable Development in Building and Operation of a Flood Relief Pumping Station in Sheung Wan This paper presents the difficulties and challenges encountered by the designer, resident engineer, maintenance engineers and contractors during the design, construction and implementation of pumping station, and the solutions adopted to overcome them in respect of engineering design, risk management and public interests. | (DSD author) : LEUNG Cheuk-lun, POON Ka-ho, MOK Hing-man and LEUNG Man-woon
(Co-author) : LAM Chun-pan, SHI Guang
The HKIE Civil Division Conference 2010 - Infrastructure Solutions for Tomorrow (12-14 April 2010)
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Acknowledgement is made to HKIE for permission to upload the paper to DSD website
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2009 Feasibility Study on Rehabilitation of Yuen Long Nullahs in Hong Kong This paper presents the Study on rehabilitation and water quality improvements to an urban nullah in Hong Kong. Yuen Long nullahs are about 12km long with sizes ranging from 7 to 70m wide and 3 to 4m deep. The purpose of the Study is to examine various options and produce specific proposals to make the best use of both the nullahs and the space they occupy by developing them as local amenities or other uses more beneficial to the community. The biggest challenge for rehabilitating the nullahs is to address constraints such as maintaining the flood protection standard, improving water quality, ensuring an adequate quantity and quality of scenic water, and concerns for public safety.
| (DSD author) : P.K Chan
(Co-author) : Kelvin N.F. Lau
The 3rd IWA - ASPIRE Conference & Exhibition (October 18-22, 2009, Taipei)
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Acknowledgement is made to IWA for permission to upload the paper to DSD website |
Design and Planning of Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme, Hong Kong This paper gives a description of the design and planning of Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme. It covers topics including an overview of the site conditions and constraints, selection of tunnel alignment and TBMs , and resolution with stakeholders on land and technical issues. Protection of existing structures/utilities, design considerations, hybrid design-and-build contract with re-measurement provisions for control of groundwater infiltration, risk management and adoption of geotechnical baseline report will also be discussed.
| (DSD author) : Alan W.C Ip, Eddie W.C. Lam and Peter C.W. Cheung
ITA-AITES World Tunnel Congress 2009 (22-28 May 2009)
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Planning of Deep Sewage Tunnels in Hong Kong This paper gives a description of the planning and design of the HATS Stage 2 deep sewage tunnels. It covers topics including the rationales for choosing a deep tunnel system, ground investigation using the specialized technique of horizontal directional coring, the selection of the drill-and-blast construction method and the contract strategy for implementation of the construction works.
| (DSD author) : Raymond Tai, Raymond Seit and Albert Chan
ITA WTC Open Session (26 May 2009)
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Tunnelling and Pipejacking Techniques for Trenchless Installation of Drainage Pipelines This paper discusses the various types of tunnelling and pipejacking techniques adopted in Hong Kong for drainage pipeline construction under different site constraints and ground conditions, their performance, the problems encountered and the recommendations made.
| (DSD author) : KW Mak
(Co-author) : Wilson W S Mok
HKIE Transaction Vol. 16 No.2
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Acknowledgement is made to HKIE for permission to upload the paper to DSD website |
A Case Study : Design and Construction of Foundation and Braced Excavation at a Reclaimed Site at Waterfront This paper provides a description on the design and construction of the Sheung Wan stormwater pumping station and underground storage tank measured 45m by 43m on plan and 11m deep as temporary stormwater storage for alleviating flooding problem.
The paper presents the challenges faced in the design of the foundation and the temporary excavation and how they are addressed. It also describes the difficulties encountered in the construction and the solutions adopted to overcome them.
| (DSD author) : CL Leung
(Co-author) : Rupert KY Leung and Eric SF Li
Seminar on The state-of-art Technology and Experience on Geotechnical Engineering in Malaysia and Hong Kong (25 February 2009)
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Acknowledgement is made to HKIE for permission to upload the paper to DSD website |
2008 The Long Term Sustainability of the Victoria Harbour Relies on the Successful Implementation of the Harbour Area Treatment Scheme The paper provides a description on the planning, design and construction of 2 trunk sewers using pipejacking method in heavily trafficked urban area. Considerations in design, construction stages and tunneling methods for varied ground conditions were mentioned.This paper provides a overall view on the implementation of the Harbour Area Treatment Scheme, The is to improve water quality in Victoria Harbour by intercepting and treating sewage from developments on both sides of the harbour.
| (DSD author) : Andrew NY Yuen
(Co-author) : Freeman C M Cheung and Amy K Y Cheung
The Fourth Symposium on Sustainable Development – Cooperation among Hong Kong, Macau and Guangdong (25-28 Sept 2008)
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Acknowledgement is made to the symposium organiser for permission to upload the paper to DSD website |
2007 Sewer Installation by Pipejacking in the Urban Areas of Hong Kong Part I - Planning, Design, Construction and Challenges The paper provides a description on the planning, design and construction of 2 trunk sewers using pipejacking method in heavily trafficked urban area. Considerations in design, construction stages and tunneling methods for varied ground conditions were mentioned.
| (DSD author): Maxwell K W Mak
(Co-author) : Wilson W S Mok, Felix H T Poon
HKIE Transactions Vol 14 No 1
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Acknowledgement is made to HKIE for permission to upload the paper to DSD website |
Sewer Installation by Pipejacking in the Urban Areas of Hong Kong Part II - Performance of Works, Lessons Learned and Improvements Proposed This paper discusses different options of TBM driving to suit different site conditions together with the performance of works. Areas for improvements were mentioned with recommendations based on the experience gained during the pipejacking process.
| (DSD author): Maxwell K W Mak
(Co-author) : Wilson W S Mok, Felix H T Poon
HKIE Transactions Vol 14 No 1
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Acknowledgement is made to HKIE for permission to upload the paper to DSD website |
Electrical Engineering Application in Wastewater Industry in Hong Kong This paper briefly discusses the electrical engineering applications in wastewater industry including wastewater treatment process, electrical power supply and total energy management to achieve the goal of saving energy and protecting the environment.
| (DSD author): George H W Liu, Peter M W Leung, C C Ho
International Conference on Electrical Engineering 2007 (8-12 July 2007, Hong Kong) |
2006 Yuen Long Bypass Floodway Project for solving the Flooding Problem in Yuen Long Town and Surrounding Area The paper sets out the key issues related to the development of the Yuen Long Bypass Floodway Project to solve the flooding problem in Yuen Long. The environmental features incorporated in a large scale infra-structure project are discussed.
| (DSD author): C K Wong, Y Y Chan, K L Ip
Conference on Urban Infrastructure Development and Construction Market Regulation (10-13 September 2006, Urumqi, China) |
Development of Final Sedimentation Tank Maximum Operating Capacity Curves Using Vesilind Settling Parameters and Mathematical Modeling The paper describes the methodology, procedures and modeling results in developing the maximum operating capacity curve of final sedimentation tanks with the use of High Accuracy Clarify Model and Vesilind settling parameters. The finding helps to predict the performance of final sedimentation tank more accurately.
| (DSD author): T K Lau
(Co-author) : K M Ho, H Gerges
Water Environmental Federation Technical Exhibition and Conference 2006 |
香港首間三級污水處理廠及污水循環再用試驗計劃-昂坪污水處理廠及資訊中心 The Development of a Comprehensive Flood Prevention Strategy for Hong Kong This is the extended version of an earlier paper published in 2004 with the same title. It was written at the invitation of JRBM and more details of the Flood Prevention Strategy were included.
| (DSD author): S K Chui, John K Y Leung, C K Chu
International Journal of River Basin Management Vol 4
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Acknowledgement is made to IAHR for permission to upload the paper to DSD website |
2005 The Flood Prevention Strategy for the Northern New Territories – A Case Study on Drainage Issues in relation to Sustainable Development in a Flood Prone River Basin in the HKSAR The papers presents the various strategy studies on flood prevention, the major components of the adopted strategy, and the application of hydrological models in analysis and design.
| (DSD author): K M Tsang, John K Y Leung, S K Chui
International Conference on Reservoir Operation & River Management (17-23 September 2005, Guangzhou) |
Flooding Problem in Hong Kong This paper provides an overall view on the local flooding problem, the causes, the strategy adopted and the various structural and non-structural measures implemented.
| (DSD author): John K Y Leung
Seminar on Safer Living -Reducing Natural Disaster (17 October 2005, Hong Kong)
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深港攜手共治深圳河 此篇文件概述香港特區政府和深圳市政府，為改善深圳河排洪能力共同合作的工程。文件概要地闡述雙方就管理模式、設計標準和環境保護等各有關範疇的協調工作。
| (渠務署作者): 周文達, 劉永錦
(合作者) : 樂茂華, 周立
三農問題理論與實踐——水利水電水務卷, 人民日報出版社 |
Tai Hang Tung Storage Scheme and Kai Tak Transfer Scheme for solving urban flooding problem in Mong Kok , West Kowloon, Hong Kong DSD has constructed a storage tank and transfer tunnel to alleviate the flooding risk in Mong Kok area. The key issues related to these two innovative schemes are discussed in the paper to serve as a valuable reference for future flood control works.
| (DSD author): Ben T M Yip, Peter C W Cheung, Fedrick Y F Kan
Conference on Construction Economics, Real Estate and Urban Disaster Prevention (20-22 September 2005, Xian) |
Wireless Telemetry for Hydrometric Information in Hong Kong This article describes the development of a wireless monitoring system to assist in flood alleviation. The system can transmit real time water level data, rainfall data, and visual images to the control room in DSD.
| (DSD author): John K Y Leung, Henry C K Chu
Hong Kong Engineer (Feb 2005) |
Risk Management of Tropical Cyclone-induced Flooding in Hong Kong This paper presents the various approaches in managing flood risk caused by tropical cyclone, which include emergency response plan, warnings, flood prevention and management, emergency relief, and public education.
| (DSD author): Henry C K Chu
(Co-author) : Hilda Lam, Queenie C C Lam
Workshop on Risk Management towards Millennium Development Goals and Socio-economic Impact Assessment of Typhoon-related Disaster (5-9 September, Kuala Lumpur)
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2004 Design Consideration on Drainage System Under Effect of Tidal Surge The recommended approach for design of drainage system under the combined effect of rainstorm and tide surge was presented in this paper. Other design considerations and flood mitigation measures were also given.
| (DSD author): C K Chu, S K Chui, John K Y Leung
International Conference on Coastal Infrastructure Development- Challenges in the 21st Century (22-24 November 2004, Hong Kong) |
Hong Kong Harbour Area Treatment Scheme (HATS) Stage 2 The paper describes the four treatment and discharge options involving the use of deep tunnel, biological aerated filters and chemically enhanced primary treatment. In addition to the procurement strategy, option evaluation is also mentioned to confirm that these four options are both technically and environmentally feasible.
| (DSD author): Lawrence K M Ho
International Conference on Coastal Infrastructure Development- Challenges in the 21st Century (22-24 November 2004, Hong Kong) |
The Development of a Comprehensive Flood Prevention Strategy for Hong Kong The flood prevention strategy in Hong Kong has been developed progressively over the past few decades. This paper presents the various phases of the development and staged implementation of the strategy.
| (DSD author): S K Chui, John K Y Leung,, Henry C K Chu
4th International Symposium on Environmental Hydraulics & 14th Congress of the Asia & Pacific Division, International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research (15-18 December 2004, Hong Kong ) |
Bitter-Sweet Experience of non-contractual partnering on a DSD Contract This paper describes the non-contractual partnering approach adopted by DSD in constructing drainage improvement works to resolve the imminent flooding problem in Mong Kok area. The benefits and limitations of this partnering approach are also illustrated with examples.
| (DSD author): Raymond T K Cheung, Fedrick Y F Kan
Construction Industry Institute - Hong Kong Conference 2004 (9 December 2004, Hong Kong) |
2003 Regulation of Shenzhen River – A Joint Project in Support of Sustainable Development This paper describes the partnership between the HKSAR Government and the Shenzhen Municipal Government in the implementation of Shenzhen River regulation project.
| (DSD author): W K Lau, John K Y Leung, S K Chui
(Co-author) : M H Yue, L Zhou
Second Symposium on Sustainable Development of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau – Strategic Partnership in the Pearl River Delta (15-17 December 2003, Hong Kong) |
2002 Uncertainty Analysis by Stochastic Processes of a Deterministic Hydrological Model in Hong Kong The paper presents the uncertainty analysis on a deterministic hydrological model where stochastic processes were introduced using modified values of runoff parameters with random errors inserted. The probability distribution of the resulting water level was then determined.
| (DSD author): Kermen K Mok, C P Wu, John K Y Leung
27th Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium (20-23 May 2002, Melbourne) |
Response to Discussion by Victor K S Li on Kriging Analysis on Hong Kong Rainfall Data This is the response to comments made by a reader regarding a paper published earlier in the HKIE Transactions.
| (DSD author): John K Y Leung, T C Law
HKIE Transactions Vol 9 No 2
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Acknowledgement is made to HKIE for permission to upload the paper to DSD website |
Kriging Analysis on Hong Kong Rainfall Data The paper describes a computer program developed by DSD to compute rainfall contour maps with Kriging method. The local real-time rainfall data, the proposed theoretical semi-variogram model, and limitation of approach were presented.
| (DSD author): John K Y Leung, T C Law
HKIE Transactions Vol 9 No 1
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Acknowledgement is made to HKIE for permission to upload the paper to DSD website |
Implementation of Safety Management System in Deep Sewage Tunnels Construction Contracts under the Harbour Area Treatment Scheme, Stage I Project The paper describes the application of “Pay for Safety Scheme” to the construction contracts of Harbour Area Treatment Scheme Stage I project. Details including the setting up of a safety management system and implementation of “Independent Safety Audit Scheme” to monitor the site safety were briefly discussed.
| (DSD author): Francis P K Or, W L Chan
2002 Mainland & Hong Kong Conference – The Reform and Development of the Construction Industry (21-23 October 2002, Nanjing, China) |
Pipe Jacking- Case Study on overcoming Ground Difficulties in Hong Kong SAR Harbour Area Treatment Scheme The paper describes the problems and solutions adopted for the construction of a tunnel under Harbour Area Treatment Scheme. Problems including excessive inflow, ground loss and trapping of TBM in marine sand were encountered. Artificial ground freezing method was used to stabilize the ground and provide a temporary impermeable layer.
| (DSD author): W L Chan
(Co-author) : Leslie J Pakianathan, Alan Kwong, Doug D McLearie
Trenchless Asia 2002 Conference (12-14 November 2002) |
The Experience of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government in UV Disinfection of Wastewater Effluent Pilot plant trials have been conducted in various sewage treatment works to evaluate the disinfection technology under different operating conditions. The operation and maintenance experiences gained from these full-scale plant trials were presented in the paper.
| (DSD author): Y K Tse, W Y Leung, W K Tse
International Conference on Wastewater Management & Technologies for Highly Urbanized Coastal Cities 2002 (10-12 June 2002, Hong Kong) |
Shatin Sewage Treatment Works Stage III Extension in Hong Kong – A case in Upgrading an Existing Municipal Sewage Treatment Works in Urbanized Areas with Provisions for Chemical Odour Mitigation Measures This paper presents a study on exploring measures to improve the treatment process of Shatin Sewage Treatment Works and reduce odour emission for meeting the requirement as stipulated in the Environmental Permit. Factors including availability of limited land and close proximity to the urban developments that need to be considered were discussed.
| (DSD author): P K Chan, K M Chau, M L Wong
(Co-author) : Alex K F Kwan
International Conference on Wastewater Management & Technologies for Highly Urbanized Coastal Cities 2002 (10-12 June 2002, Hong Kong) |
Stormwater Management in Hong Kong This paper gives an overview of the local practice on stormwater management regards to the organization, policies and strategies, technologies adopted, and the economics and financing aspects.
| (DSD author): Keith R Murrells, John K Y Leung, Kermen K Mok
Tsinghua Science and Technology Vol. 7 No. 5, Tsinghau University
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2001 Upper Catchment Stormwater Diversion with Drainage Tunnels The paper describes a new approach to mitigate flooding in the older urban areas by using tunnels to divert the flood flow coming from upstream.
| (DSD author): John K Y Leung, M H Leung
HKIE Proceedings Vol 3 No 1
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Acknowledgement is made to HKIE for permission to upload the paper to DSD website |
Stormwater Drainage Master Plan for the Northern New Territories of the Hong Kong SAR The paper discusses the causes of flooding in the Northern New Territories and the formulation of improvement strategy against flooding.
| (DSD author): W S Sin, John K Y Leung, Peter S K Chui
International Conference on Construction (19-21 June 2001, Hong Kong) |
Stormwater Tunnels in Hong Kong for Upper Catchment Diversion The paper presents the concept of upper catchment diversion with stormwater tunnel. Its application to Tsuen Wan and Hong Kong Island was discussed.
| (DSD author): John K Y Leung, M H Leung
International Conference on Construction (19-21 June 2001, Hong Kong) |
Drainage Master Planning for Land Drainage Flood Control in the Northern New Territories of Hong Kong The paper discusses the development of strategy studies on land drainage and flood control in the Northern New Territories during the past decades. The recent finding of the Drainage Master Plan Study was presented.
| (DSD author): John K Y Leung
(Co-author) : Ken K C Luk, Alex K F Kwan
HKIE Proceedings Vol 3 No 1
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Acknowledgement is made to HKIE for permission to upload the paper to DSD website |
2000 Stormwater Drainage Master Plan for Sustainable Development in the Northern New Territories of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region This paper presents the development of a comprehensive drainage master plan study in the Northern New Territories to alleviate flooding and to support sustainable growth of the area.
| (DSD author): W S Sin, John K Y Leung, Peter S K Chui
Symposium on Sustainable Development - Cooperation among Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau (3-7 April 2000, Macau)< P> |
Development of a Drainage Master Plan for a Major Flood-Prone Region in Hong Kong This paper describes the components of a drainage master plan including the flooding problem, and the structural and non-structural improvement measures after detailed evaluation of various options.
| (DSD author): John K Y Leung, Peter S K Chui, Y K Ho
(Co-author) : K C Luk, Alex K F Kwan
3rd International Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium of The Institution of Engineers, Australia (20-23 November 2000, Perth) |
Residual Flooding Problems & Solutions - Hong Kong Experience The paper has identified the extent of residual flooding and the severity of problem. Different approaches to alleviate the problem according to its seriousness and specific constraints were also presented
| (DSD author): John K Y Leung, Peter S K Chui, Y K Ho
(Co-author) : K C Luk, Alex K F Kwan
3rd International Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium of The Institution of Engineers, Australia (20-23 November 2000, Perth) |
1999 Flood Storage and Some Case Studies This paper describes the flood storage concept and its application from single lot sites to small community and further extend to regional scales. Some local and Japanese examples were quoted.
| (DSD author): John K Y Leung, M H Leung
HKIE Proceedings Vol 2 No 1
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Acknowledgement is made to HKIE for permission to upload the paper to DSD website |
1998 Overview of Urban Road Drainage Systems in Hong Kong The paper presents an overview of the local urban road drainage system. The hydrological process, catchment characteristics and stormwater drainage system in the urban areas were discussed.
| (DSD author): John K Y Leung
Seminar on Design and Maintenance of Road Drainage Systems to Prevent Flooding (21 April 1998, Hong Kong)
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Problems and Causes of Flooding The paper discusses the major effects and common causes for flooding in urban areas. The relevance of flooding with gully intakes was also addressed.
| (DSD author): John K Y Leung
Seminar on Design and Maintenance of Road Drainage Systems to Prevent Flooding (21 April 1998, Hong Kong)
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Flooding in West Kowloon The paper presents the flooding cases in West Kowloon in year 1997. The flooding effects and causes, improvement actions taken and the legal aspects in enforcing illegal discharge of silty materials into public drains were also discussed.
| (DSD author): C O Tam
Seminar on Design and Maintenance of Road Drainage Systems to Prevent Flooding (21 April 1998, Hong Kong)
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Suggested Solutions to Problems The paper presents different improvement measures to mitigate flooding in the urban areas, eg upgrading the road drainage system, improving the maintenance practice, controlling littering behaviour, education, and emergency organisation.
| (DSD author): S C Wong
Seminar on Design and Maintenance of Road Drainage Systems to Prevent Flooding (21 April 1998, Hong Kong)
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Flood Alleviation By On-site Detention This paper discusses the concept of on-site detention via controlling the discharge rate of a site to alleviate the drainage impact to the downstream due to the development.
| (DSD author): John K Y Leung
HKIE Transactions Vol 1 No 1
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Acknowledgement is made to HKIE for permission to upload the paper to DSD website |
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